that the definite article changes depending on the first letter of the following noun and of course depending on the gender and number of the following noun.
summary of the rules (for details see chapter three) |
1) |
The basic forms are la (feminine / singular, la casa), il (masculine / singular, il ragazzo), le (feminine / plural, le case) and i (masculine / plural, i ragazzi) |
2) |
If the noun following the article starts with a vowel (ONLY IN SINGULAR) la / il becomes l' for both gender. There is no difference any more between masculine and feminine (l' amico, l' amica). |
3) |
The masculine (and only the masculine) nouns have a special indefinite article if the noun starts with sp, st, ps, gn, z: lo (lo specchio). The same rule applies if a following adjective starts with one of these combinations. |
4) |
The masculine (and only the masculine) nouns have a special article as well in plural if the following noun or adjective starts with sp, st, ps, gn or z: gli (gli specchi). |
5) |
Below a summary of all these rules. |
are combined with an article.
The definite article that is to be formed following the rules mentioned above is added to the preposition. The case of
is somehow special. In becomes
if combined with an article.
The table below shows all possible combinations of preposition and article.
|
consonant |
vowel |
sp / st / ps / gn / z / y |
feminine singular |
la (nella, sulla, della, dalla, alla) |
l' (nell', sull', dell', dall', all') |
la (nella, sulla, della, dalla, alla) |
masc. singular |
il (nel, sul, del, dal, al) |
l' (nell', sull', dell', dall', all') |
lo (nello, sullo, dello, dallo, allo) |
feminine plural |
le (nelle, sulle, delle, dalle, alle) |
le (nelle, sulle, delle, dalle, alle) |
le (nelle, sulle, delle, dalle, alle) |
masculine plural |
i (nei, sui, dei, dai, ai) |
gli (negli, sugli, degli, dagli, agli) |
gli (negli, sugli, degli, dagli, agli) |
Il bicchiere è sulla tavola. |
|
=> The glass is on the table. |
Nessuno può camminare sull' acqua. |
|
=> Nobody can walk on the water. |
L'accendino si trova nella stessa scatola delle sigarette. |
|
=> The lighter is in the same box as the cigarettes. |
Non si parla mai degli uomini normali, benchè facciano cose più interessanti degli uomini dei quali si parla. |
|
=> One never speaks about the normal people, although they do much more interesting things than the people who are talked about. |
|
Gli uccelli vivono sugli alberi. |
|
=> The birds are living in the trees. |
I turisti vanno in spiaggia. |
|
=> The tourists go to the beach. |
In estate c' è molta gente nei ristoranti. |
|
=> In summer there are a lot of people in the bars. |