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6 Introduction
6.1 Personal pronouns in Italian
6.2 Conjugation in the present tense
6.3 Conjugation of modal verbs
6.4 Conjugation of auxiliary verbs
6.5 Formation of the participle and the past perfect
6.6 Irregular formation of the participles
6.7 Formation of the perfect tense
6.8 Negation in Italian
6.9 Personal pronouns in nominative, dative (indirect object) and accusative (direct object)
6.9.1 Nominative, genitive, dative and accusative
6.9.2 Relationship between objects (if these objects are not personal pronouns) - nominative
6.9.2 Relationship between objects (if these objects are not personal pronouns) - genitive and accusative
6.9.3 Relationship between objects (if these objects are personal pronouns)
6.9.3 Relationship between objects (if these objects are personal pronouns) 2
6.9.4The partitive article
6.10 Simple past
6.10.1 The English simple past
6.10.2 Use of the imperfetto in Italian
6.10.3 Formation of the imperfetto in Italian
6.11 Vocabulary: 12 | 3 | 4 
6.12 Exercise
6.12.1 Exercise 1: conjugation in present tense
6.12.2 Exercise 2: conjugation of the modal verbs in the present tense
6.12.3 Exercise 3: to have and to be
6.12.4 Exercise 4: past participle
6.12.5 Exercise 5: past participle II
6.12.6 Exercise 6: formation of the perfect
6.12.7 Exercise 7: negation
6.12.8 Exercise 8: formation of the perfect II
6.12.9 Exercise 9: flexion of the participle
6.12.10 Exercise 10: declension in Italian
6.12.11 Exercise 11: declension in Italian II
6.12.12 Exercise 12: polite form
6.12.13 Exercise 13: partitive article and genitive
6.12.14 Exercise 14: the simple past
6.12.15 Exercise 15: the Italian imperfetto
7.1 Personal pronouns
7.1 Personal pronouns 2
7.1.1 Position of the pronoun in relationship to the predicate
7.1.2 Position and changing of forms if there are several pronouns
7.2 The personal pronouns ci and ne
7.2.1 Pronominal adverb ci
7.2.1 Pronominal adverb ci 2
7.2.2 Pronominal adverb ne
7.3 Reflexive pronoun
7.3.1 Reflexive pronoun in Italian
7.3.2 Conjugation with the reflexive pronoun
7.3.3 Reflexive pronoun with modal verbs
7.4 Summary of the conjugation with essere and avere
7.5 Il si passivante
7.6 Position of the personal pronouns and personal adverbs
7.6.1 Position of the "si" as reflexive pronoun and as a part of the si pasivante
7.6.1 Position of the "si" as reflexive pronoun and as part of the si pasivante 2
7.6.2 Position of the pronoun it there is an infinitive
7.7 Prepositional pronouns
7.7.1 Formation of the prepositional pronouns
7.7.2 Redundand personal pronouns
7.7.3 Personal pronoun lo
7.8 Demonstrative pronoun
7.8.1 Forms of the demonstrative pronouns
7.8.1.1 Demonstrative pronouns used as an adjective
7.8.1.2 Demonstrative pronouns used as a noun
7.8.1.3 The demonstrative pronoun quello
7.9 Indefinita
7.9.1 Indefinita describing that anybody can be the executor or the goal of an action
7.9.1.1 Ogni = jeder vs. tutti / tutte = all
7.9.1.1 Ogni = jeder vs. tutti / tutte = all 2
7.9.1.2 Ogni = jeder vs. qualsiasi = anybody
7.9.1.3 Ognuno, chiunque, ciascuno
7.9.1.4 Alcuno and qualche (= manche)
7.9.1.5 Qualunque vs. qualsiasi (= everyone, everybody)
7.9.1.6 Alcuno, chiunque, ognuno, ciasuno, qualcuno in comparison
7.9.2 Altro, altra, altri, altre (= others)
7.9.3 Molto, molta, molti, molte (= a lot of)
7.9.4 Tutto, tutto, tutte, tutti (= all)
7.9.5 Poco, poca, pochi, poche (= few)
7.9.6 Qualcosa (= some)
7.9.7 Troppo, troppa, troppe, troppi (= too, too much)
7.9.8 Nessuno, nessuna (= nobody)
7.9.9 Niente (= nothing)
7.10 Exercises
7.10.1 Exercise 1: Choose the correct personal pronoun
7.10.2 Exercise 2: Translate these sentences
7.10.3 Exercise 3: Translate the following sentences
7.10.4 Exercise 4: ce / ne
7.10.5 Exercise 5: Choose the correct pronoun
7.10.6 Exercise 6: Translate these sentences, add the personal pronoun to the infinitive
7.10.7 Exercise 7: Substitute the two objects with a pronoun
7.10.8 Exercise 8: Answer the following questions with a pronominal adverb (ci / ne)
7.10.9 Exercise 9: Pronominal adverb and personal pronoun
7.10.10 Exercise 10: Reflexive pronouns
7.10.11 Exercise 11: Conjugation in the passato prossimo (reflexive and non reflexive verbs)
7.10.12 Exercise 12: Translate these sentences and name the rules
7.10.13 Exercise 13: The English one
7.10.14 Exercise 14: Define in the following sentences the function of the ci and translate the sentences
7.10.15 Exercise 15: Prepositional pronouns
7.10.16 Exercise 16: Redundant pronouns
7.10.17 Exercise 17: Referencing an idea with lo
7.10.18 Exercise 18: Demonstrative pronoun questo (this) and quello (that)
7.10.19 Exercise 19: Tndefinite pronoun
7.10.20 Exercise 20: Tutto
10.1 Introduction - congiuntivo
10.2 The subjunctive in English
10.2.1 Conjunctive and indirect speech
10.2.2 Conjunctive after verbs, constructions and idiomatic expressions which expresses desire, hope, irreality or intention
10.2.3 Conjunctive with irreality
10.2.4 Conjunctive I with certain idiomatic expressions
10.2.5 Summary
10.3 Congiuntivo in Italian
10.3.1 Formation of the congiuntivo
10.3.1 Formation of the congiuntivo 2
10.3.2 Formation of the congiuntivo imperfetto
10.3.2 Formation of the congiuntivo imperfetto 2
10.3.3 Formation of the congiuntivo passato
10.3.4 Formation of the congiuntivo trapassato
10.3.5 Use of the congiuntivo
10.3.5.1 Congiuntivo after verbs which express fear, desire, hope, order etc.
10.3.5.1 Congiuntivo after verbs which express fear, desire, hope, order etc.
10.3.5.2 Conjunctions which requires the congiuntivo
10.3.5.3 Congiuntivo after certain indefinita
10.3.5.4 Congiuntivo in relative clauses
10.3.5.5 Which tense of the congiuntivo?
10.3.5.5.2 Which tense of the congiuntivo?
10.3.5.5.3 Which tense of the congiuntivo?
10.3.5.6 No congiuntivo if the main clause and the subordinate clause share their subject
10.4.1 Exercise 1: Conjugate these verbs in presente and in congiuntivo presente
10.4.2 Exercise 2: Conjugate these verbs in imperfetto and in congiuntivo imperfetto
10.4.3 Exercise 3: Conjugate these verbs in passato prossimo and in congiuntivo prossimo
10.4.4 Exercise 4: Conjugate these verbs in trapassato prossimo and in congiuntivo trapassato
10.4.5 Exercise 5: Conjugate these verbs in congiuntivo presente, congiuntivo imperfetto, congiuntivo prossimo and congiuntivo trapassato
10.4.6 Exercise 6: Decide in the following sentences whether the indicativo or the congiuntivo must be used
10.4.7 Exercise 7: Choose the correct tenses in order to maintain the order on the time line
10.4.8 Exercise 8: Choose the correct verb form
10.4.9 Exercise 9: Select the correct verb form
10.4.10 Exercise 10: Distinction between the congiuntivo prossimo and the congiuntivo presente
1
13 Introduction- infinite verb forms
13.1 The gerund in Italian
13.2 The formation of the gerundio 1
3.2 The formation of the gerundio 2
13.3 Gerundio to substitute a subordinate clause
13.3.1 Gerundio with own subject
13.3.2 Substitution of the gerundio with the participio passato or infinito passato
13.3.3 Gerundio as a substitut for a subordinate clause and an adverbial adjunct 1
13.3.3 Gerundio as a substitut for a subordinate clause and an adverbial adjunct 2
13.3.3 Gerundio as a substitut for a subordinate clause and an adverbial adjunct 3
13.3.4 Stare + Gerundio
13.3.4.1 Formation of stare + gerundio
13.3.5 Participio presente
13.3.5 Examples for the participio presente
13.3.5.1 Substitutions for the gerund / present participle
13.4 Construction with the infinitiv
13.4 Construction with the infinitive - examples
13.4.1 Infinitiv after other verbs
13.4.2 Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 1
13.4.2 Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 2
13.4.2 Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 3
13.4.2 Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 4
13.4.2 Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 5
13.4.2 Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 6
13.4.3 Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 7
13.4.3 Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 1
13.4.3 Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 2
13.4.3 Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 3
13.4.3 Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 4
13.4.3 Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 5
13.4.4 Verbs which add an infinitiv with da
13.4.5 Add an infinitiv to a noun
13.4.6 To add an adjective to an infinitive: part 1 | part 2
13.4.7 Infinitive to substitute a subordinate clause: part 1 | part 2
13.5 Participio passato part 1 | part 2 | part 3 | part 4
13.6.1 Exercise 1: Adjective or adverbial adjunct / substitution with gerund possible?
13.6.2 Exercise 2: Translation with a relative clause or with a gerundio?
13.6.3 Exercise 3: Substitution of subordinate clauses
13.6.4 Exercise 4: The construction stare + gerundio
13.6.5 Exercise 5: Conjugate the construction stare + gerundio
13.6.6 Exercise 6: Select in the following sentences the correct construction of stare + gerundio
13.6.7 Exercise 7: present participle / Italian gerundio
13.6.8 Exercise 8: anteriority and posteriority with the gerund
13.6.10 Exercise 10: gerundio in passive and active voice
13.6.11 Exercise 11: gerundio is never a noun
13.6.12 Exercise 12: If a concessive clause is substituted with a gerundio the conjunction pur must be used
13.6.13 Exercise 13: causal clause, modal clause, temporal clause, conditional clause
13.6.14 Exercise 14: Same subject / different subject
13.6.15 Exercise 15: Gerundio with own subject
13.6.16 Exercise 16: The infinitive
13.6.17 Exercise 17: infinitive in passive / active voice, anteriority and posteriority
13.6.18 Exercise 18: Participio passato
16.1 Conjunctions - Introduction
16.2 Conjunctions, which which establish a causal relationship between one event and an other
16.2 examples: part 1 | part 2
16.2.1 Consequence and cause
16.2.2 Conjunctions, which describe a consequence
16.2.3 Consequence and comparison
16.2.4 Ddal momento che
16.3 intention: part 1 | part 2
16.3.1 So, therefore
16.4 Concessive conjunctions
16.5 temporal conjunctions : part 1 | part 2
16.5.1 Quando = when: part 1 | part 2
16.5.2 Appena = as soon as
16.5.3 Finché, fin quando = until, as long as: part 1 | part 2
16.5.4 Prima que = before
16.5.4.1 Prima que - introductory verb is in a past tense
16.5.4.2 Prima che - if the main clause shares his subject with the subordinate clause
16.5.5 Ora que = now, it is time
16.6 Conditional conjunctions
16.6.1 Qualora = in the case, whenever
16.6.2 Laddove = in the case, whenever, wherever
16.6.3 Casomai = in the case, perhaps
16.6.4 Semmai = assumed, in case of
16.6.5 In caso que = supposed, under condition that
16.6.6 Purché = when, supposed
16.6.7 Tranne que = except
16.6.8 Senza que = without
16.7 Other conjunctions
16.7.1 Come = how
16.7.2 Altrimenti = otherwise
16.7.3Addirittura = even if
16.7.4 Communque = wie auch immer, jedoch, jedenfalls
16.7.5 Dunque = therefore
16.7.6 Eppure = anyhow
16.7.7 Forse / maggari = perhaps
16.7.7.1 Forse / magari with indicativo
16.7.8 Oltre que = beside that
16.7.9 Altrimenti = otherwise
16.7.10 Oppure = or
16.7.11 Poi = then
16.7.12 Pure = actually
16.7.13 Durante, mentre = while
16.8 Exercise
16.8.1 Exercise 1: Concessive and causal conjunctions
16.8.2 Exercise 2: Consecutive and causal conjunctions
16.8.3 Exercise 3: Position of the causal conjunctions
16.8.4 Exercise 4: Consecutive conjunctions
16.8.5 Exercise 5: dal momento che = due to, because
16.8.6 Exercise 6: Conjunctions, which express an intention
16.8.7 Exercise 7: Concessive conjunctions
16.8.8 Exercise 8: Substitution with an infinitive construction with identical subject

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