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1	Introduction

2	Pronunciation
2.1	Vowels and consonants
2.2	The clear 'a'
2.3	Groups of vowels 'ae', 'ao', 'ai', 'au'
2.4	The 'b'
2.5	The 'c'
2.6	The 'g'
2.6.1	voiced and voiceless sounds (difference between gi / ge und ci / ce)
2.7	The 'e'
2.7.1	The open e
2.7.2	The closed e
2.8	Groups of vowels 'eo', 'ei', 'eu'
2.9	The phonem 'gli'
2.10	'glo', 'gla', gle' and 'gli' at the beginning of a word
2.11	The phonem 'gn'
2.12	The 'h'
2.13	Groups of vowels 'ia', ie, 'io', 'iu'
2.14	The 'p'
2.15	The 'qu'
2.16	The rolled 'r'
2.16.1	Exercises and explications about the 'r'
2.17	The 'o'
2.17.1	Open and closed o in the phonetical transcription
2.18	Voiced and voiceless 's'
2.19	The groups of vowels 'ua', 'ue', 'uo', 'ui'
2.20	The 'v'
2.21	The 'w'
2.22	The 'x'
2.23	The 'y'
2.24	The 'z'
2.25	Double consonants
2.26	Sound stress
2.26.1	Examples for words having the stress on the befor last syllable
2.26.2	Marking the stress with an accent
2.27	The accent as a non diacritical sign
2.28	Summary
2.28.1	Summary: the c and g form a combination with the following vowel
2.28.2	Summary: the closed e and the open e / gli-glo / h / k / rolled r
2.28.3	Summary: the closed o and the open / voiced voiceless s/v/w/x/y
2.28.4	Summary: double consonants
2.28.5	Summary: stressed syllable
2.29	Vocabulary: 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4 \| 5 \| 6 \| 7 \| 8 \| 9 \| 10
2.30	Exercise: 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4

3	What is an article?
3.1	Definite article
3.1.1	Forms of the definite article
3.1.2	The use of the definite article
3.1.2.1	Definite article before possessive pronouns
3.1.2.1	Definite article before possessive pronouns 2
3.1.2.2	Other differences in the use of the article
3.2	Indefinite article
3.2.1	Forms of the indefinite article
3.2.2	Combination of preposition and article

4.1	Flural, introduction
4.2	Unchangeable nouns
4.3	Words ending on -ista
4.4	Change of the genus in plural
4.5	Words ending in -cio, gio, -glio
4.6	Words ending on -co / -go which are stressed on the before last syllable
4.7	Words ending on -co / -go which are stressed on the third last syllable
4.8	Masculine words which ends on -a
4.9	Feminine words which ends on -o

5.1	Introduction
5.2	Formation of the feminine form of nouns
5.2.1	Formation with -a / -o
5.2.2	Formation with -e / -a
5.2.3	Formation with -e / -essa
5.2.4	The masculine form is completely different from the feminine form
5.2.5	The feminine form describes a man
5.2.6	Formation with -tore / -trice
5.2.7	Nouns which don' t distinguish between masculine and feminine
5.3	Formation of the feminine forms of adjectives
5.3.1	Formation with -a / -o
5.3.2	Adjectives which don' t distinguish between masculine and feminine (-e / -a)
5.3.3	Adjektives which always end in -a
5.3.4	Unchangeable adjectives
5.4	Different flexion of the noun and the adjectives
5.5	Exercises
5.5.1	Exercise 1: definite article
5.5.2	Exercise 2: indefinite article
5.5.3	Exercise 3: formation of the plural
5.5.4	Exercise 4: formation of the feminine form
5.5.5	Exercise 5: adjective and plural
5.5.6	Exercise 6: indefinite article II
5.5.7	Exercise 7: select the correct option

6	Introduction
6.1	Personal pronouns in Italian
6.2	Conjugation in the present tense
6.3	Conjugation of modal verbs
6.4	Conjugation of auxiliary verbs
6.5	Formation of the participle and the past perfect
6.6	Irregular formation of the participles
6.7	Formation of the perfect tense
6.8	Negation in Italian
6.9	Personal pronouns in nominative, dative (indirect object) and accusative (direct object)
6.9.1	Nominative, genitive, dative and accusative
6.9.2	Relationship between objects (if these objects are not personal pronouns) - nominative
6.9.2	Relationship between objects (if these objects are not personal pronouns) - genitive and accusative
6.9.3	Relationship between objects (if these objects are personal pronouns)
6.9.3	Relationship between objects (if these objects are personal pronouns) 2
6.9.4	The partitive article
6.10	Simple past
6.10.1	The English simple past
6.10.2	Use of the imperfetto in Italian
6.10.3	Formation of the imperfetto in Italian
6.11	Vocabulary: 1 \| 2 \| 3 \| 4
6.12	Exercise
6.12.1	Exercise 1: conjugation in present tense
6.12.2	Exercise 2: conjugation of the modal verbs in the present tense
6.12.3	Exercise 3: to have and to be
6.12.4	Exercise 4: past participle
6.12.5	Exercise 5: past participle II
6.12.6	Exercise 6: formation of the perfect
6.12.7	Exercise 7: negation
6.12.8	Exercise 8: formation of the perfect II
6.12.9	Exercise 9: flexion of the participle
6.12.10	Exercise 10: declension in Italian
6.12.11	Exercise 11: declension in Italian II
6.12.12	Exercise 12: polite form
6.12.13	Exercise 13: partitive article and genitive
6.12.14	Exercise 14: the simple past
6.12.15	Exercise 15: the Italian imperfetto

7.1	Personal pronouns
7.1	Personal pronouns 2
7.1.1	Position of the pronoun in relationship to the predicate
7.1.2	Position and changing of forms if there are several pronouns
7.2	The personal pronouns ci and ne
7.2.1	Pronominal adverb ci
7.2.1	Pronominal adverb ci 2
7.2.2	Pronominal adverb ne
7.3	Reflexive pronoun
7.3.1	Reflexive pronoun in Italian
7.3.2	Conjugation with the reflexive pronoun
7.3.3	Reflexive pronoun with modal verbs
7.4	Summary of the conjugation with essere and avere
7.5	Il si passivante
7.6	Position of the personal pronouns and personal adverbs
7.6.1	Position of the "si" as reflexive pronoun and as a part of the si pasivante
7.6.1	Position of the "si" as reflexive pronoun and as part of the si pasivante 2
7.6.2	Position of the pronoun it there is an infinitive
7.7	Prepositional pronouns
7.7.1	Formation of the prepositional pronouns
7.7.2	Redundand personal pronouns
7.7.3	Personal pronoun lo
7.8	Demonstrative pronoun
7.8.1	Forms of the demonstrative pronouns
7.8.1.1	Demonstrative pronouns used as an adjective
7.8.1.2 Demonstrative pronouns used as a noun
7.8.1.3 The demonstrative pronoun quello
7.9	Indefinita
7.9.1	Indefinita describing that anybody can be the executor or the goal of an action
7.9.1.1	Ogni = jeder vs. tutti / tutte = all
7.9.1.1	Ogni = jeder vs. tutti / tutte = all 2
7.9.1.2	Ogni = jeder vs. qualsiasi = anybody
7.9.1.3	Ognuno, chiunque, ciascuno
7.9.1.4	Alcuno and qualche (= manche)
7.9.1.5	Qualunque vs. qualsiasi (= everyone, everybody)
7.9.1.6	Alcuno, chiunque, ognuno, ciasuno, qualcuno in comparison
7.9.2	Altro, altra, altri, altre (= others)
7.9.3	Molto, molta, molti, molte (= a lot of)
7.9.4	Tutto, tutto, tutte, tutti (= all)
7.9.5	Poco, poca, pochi, poche (= few)
7.9.6	Qualcosa (= some)
7.9.7	Troppo, troppa, troppe, troppi (= too, too much)
7.9.8	Nessuno, nessuna (= nobody)
7.9.9	Niente (= nothing)
7.10	Exercises
7.10.1	Exercise 1: Choose the correct personal pronoun
7.10.2	Exercise 2: Translate these sentences
7.10.3	Exercise 3: Translate the following sentences
7.10.4	Exercise 4: ce / ne
7.10.5	Exercise 5: Choose the correct pronoun
7.10.6	Exercise 6: Translate these sentences, add the personal pronoun to the infinitive
7.10.7	Exercise 7: Substitute the two objects with a pronoun
7.10.8	Exercise 8: Answer the following questions with a pronominal adverb (ci / ne)
7.10.9	Exercise 9: Pronominal adverb and personal pronoun
7.10.10	Exercise 10: Reflexive pronouns
7.10.11	Exercise 11: Conjugation in the passato prossimo (reflexive and non reflexive verbs)
7.10.12	Exercise 12: Translate these sentences and name the rules
7.10.13	Exercise 13: The English one
7.10.14	Exercise 14: Define in the following sentences the function of the ci and translate the sentences
7.10.15	Exercise 15: Prepositional pronouns
7.10.16	Exercise 16: Redundant pronouns
7.10.17	Exercise 17: Referencing an idea with lo
7.10.18	Exercise 18: Demonstrative pronoun questo (this) and quello (that)
7.10.19	Exercise 19: Tndefinite pronoun
7.10.20	Exercise 20: Tutto

8.1	What are relative clauses?
8.1.1	Criteria to appraise relative clauses
8.2	Relative pronouns and relative adverbs
8.2.1	Relative pronouns which reference an idea
8.2.1.1	Relative pronouns with and without prepositions
8.2.1.2	Relativpronouns che
8.2.1.2.1	Relative pronoun che to reference nouns
8.2.1.2.2	Relative pronouns che can be substituted
8.2.1.2.3	Relative pronoun che references pronouns and indefinita
8.2.2	Referencing ideas
8.2.3	Referencing of the indefinita tutto, niente, molto and qualche cosa
8.2.4	Che as a relative pronoun and a conjunction
8.2.5	Relative pronoun il quale, la quale, i quali, le quale
8.2.6	Ció che, chello che
8.2.7	Summary if there is no prepositions involved
8.3	Relative pronouns if a preposition is involved
8.3.1	Il quale, la quale, i quali, le quale
8.3.2	Referncing tutto, niente, molto mit prepositions
8.3.3	Preposition + what
8.3.4	Il cui, la cui, i cui, le cui
8.3.5	Summary: relative pronouns with and without prepostions
8.4	Exercises
8.4.1	Exercise 1: Extended and restrictive relative clause
8.4.2	Exercise 2: Relative pronouns and relative adverbs
8.4.3	Exercise 3: Relative pronouns

9.1	Preface
9.2	The tense system in English
9.2.1	Preface
9.2.2	Perfect <=> simple past
9.2.3	Past tense
9.3	The tenses in Italian
9.3.1	The formation of the past tenses in Italian
9.3.1.1	The formation of the passato prossimo
9.3.1.1.1	Conjugation if there is an auxiliary verb involved
9.3.1.1.2	Agreement of the participle in genus and number with the direct object
9.3.1.2	Formation of the imperfetto and the trapassato prossimo
9.3.1.3	Formation of the passato remoto
9.3.1.3	Formation of the passato remoto 2
9.3.1.4	Summary of some frequent verbs in passato remoto
9.3.2	Summary of the Italian tense system
9.4.1	Exercise 1: Decide whether the passato remoto or the imperfetto must be used
9.4.2	Exercise 2: Decide whether the passato remoto or the passato prossimo must be used
9.4.3	Exercise 3: Decide whether the imperfetto, passato remoto or passato prossimo must be used
9.4.4	Exercise 4: Conjugate these verbs in passato remoto (all of them are irregular)
9.4.5	Exercise 5: Conjugate these verbs in all tenses of the past (all regular)
9.4.6	Exercise 6: Decide in the following sentences whether essere or avere must be used

10.1	Introduction - congiuntivo
10.2	The subjunctive in English
10.2.1	Conjunctive and indirect speech
10.2.2	Conjunctive after verbs, constructions and idiomatic expressions which expresses desire, hope, irreality or intention
10.2.3	Conjunctive with irreality
10.2.4	Conjunctive I with certain idiomatic expressions
10.2.5	Summary
10.3	Congiuntivo in Italian
10.3.1	Formation of the congiuntivo
10.3.1	Formation of the congiuntivo 2
10.3.2	Formation of the congiuntivo imperfetto
10.3.2	Formation of the congiuntivo imperfetto 2
10.3.3 Formation of the congiuntivo passato
10.3.4	Formation of the congiuntivo trapassato
10.3.5	Use of the congiuntivo
10.3.5.1	Congiuntivo after verbs which express fear, desire, hope, order etc.
10.3.5.1	Congiuntivo after verbs which express fear, desire, hope, order etc.
10.3.5.2	Conjunctions which requires the congiuntivo
10.3.5.3	Congiuntivo after certain indefinita
10.3.5.4	Congiuntivo in relative clauses
10.3.5.5	Which tense of the congiuntivo?
10.3.5.5.2	Which tense of the congiuntivo?
10.3.5.5.3	Which tense of the congiuntivo?
10.3.5.6	No congiuntivo if the main clause and the subordinate clause share their subject
10.4.1	Exercise 1: Conjugate these verbs in presente and in congiuntivo presente
10.4.2	Exercise 2: Conjugate these verbs in imperfetto and in congiuntivo imperfetto
10.4.3	Exercise 3: Conjugate these verbs in passato prossimo and in congiuntivo prossimo
10.4.4	Exercise 4: Conjugate these verbs in trapassato prossimo and in congiuntivo trapassato
10.4.5	Exercise 5: Conjugate these verbs in congiuntivo presente, congiuntivo imperfetto, congiuntivo prossimo and congiuntivo trapassato
10.4.6	Exercise 6: Decide in the following sentences whether the indicativo or the congiuntivo must be used
10.4.7	Exercise 7: Choose the correct tenses in order to maintain the order on the time line
10.4.8	Exercise 8: Choose the correct verb form
10.4.9	Exercise 9: Select the correct verb form
10.4.10	Exercise 10: Distinction between the congiuntivo prossimo and the congiuntivo presente

11	Conditional
11.1	Formation of the condizionale
11.1	Formation of the condizionale II
11.2	Formation of the condizionale
11.2.1	Use of the condizionale in if-clauses
11.2.2	Use of the condizionale of modal verbs
11.3	Future
11.3.1	Formation of the future I
11.3.1	Formation of the future I (b)
11.3.2	Formation of the future II
11.3.3	Use of the futur I
11.3.4	Use of the futur II
11.4.1	Exercise 1: Conjugate these verbs in the condizionale I
11.4.2	Exercise 2: Conjugate these verbs in the condizionale II
11.4.3	Exercise 3: Choose the right verb form
11.4.4	Exercise 4: Translate these sentences
11.4.5	Exercise 5: Select the right conjunction
11.4.6	Exercise 6: Futur or doubt?

12	Passive voice
12.1	Passive voice of state and passive voice of process
12.2	Formation of the passive voice
12.3	Il si pasivante and il si impersonale
12.3.1	Particularities of the si impersonal
12.3.2	Formation of the passive voice with andare
13.3.3	Particularities if the reflexive pronoun si is followed by the the si of the si impersonale
12.4.1	Exercise 1: Form the present and the imperfetto of these verbs in passive voice with essere
12.4.2	Exercise 2: Form the presente and the imperfetto of the passive voice with venire
12.4.3	Exercise 3: Description of a state or a process ?
12.4.4	Exercise 4: Select whether essere or venire is to be used
12.4.5	Exercise 5: Convert these sentences in passive voice into a sentence with si passivante
12.4.6	Exercise 6: Decide whether it is a si passivante or a si impersonale
12.4.7	Exercise 7:Translate these sentences with a si passivante or a si impersonale
12.4.8	Exercise 8: The si impersonale in compound tenses. Translate these sentences
12.4.9	Exercise 9: The si passivante in compound tenses
12.4.10	Exercise 10: The si impersonale and the si passivante with reflexive verbs
12.4.11	Exercise 11: The si impersonale with direct object in the compound tenses
12.4.12	Exercise 12: Flexion of the past participle

1

13	Introduction- infinite verb forms
13.1	The gerund in Italian
13.2	The formation of the gerundio 1
3.2	The formation of the gerundio 2
13.3	Gerundio to substitute a subordinate clause
13.3.1	Gerundio with own subject
13.3.2	Substitution of the gerundio with the participio passato or infinito passato
13.3.3	Gerundio as a substitut for a subordinate clause and an adverbial adjunct 1
13.3.3	Gerundio as a substitut for a subordinate clause and an adverbial adjunct 2
13.3.3	Gerundio as a substitut for a subordinate clause and an adverbial adjunct 3
13.3.4	Stare + Gerundio
13.3.4.1	Formation of stare + gerundio
13.3.5	Participio presente
13.3.5	Examples for the participio presente
13.3.5.1	Substitutions for the gerund / present participle
13.4	Construction with the infinitiv
13.4	Construction with the infinitive - examples
13.4.1	Infinitiv after other verbs
13.4.2	Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 1
13.4.2	Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 2
13.4.2	Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 3
13.4.2	Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 4
13.4.2	Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 5
13.4.2	Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 6
13.4.3	Verbs which add an infinitiv with di - 7
13.4.3	Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 1
13.4.3	Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 2
13.4.3	Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 3
13.4.3	Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 4
13.4.3	Verbs which add an infinitiv with a - 5
13.4.4	Verbs which add an infinitiv with da
13.4.5	Add an infinitiv to a noun
13.4.6	To add an adjective to an infinitive: part 1 \| part 2
13.4.7	Infinitive to substitute a subordinate clause: part 1 \| part 2
13.5	Participio passato part 1 \| part 2 \| part 3 \| part 4
13.6.1	Exercise 1: Adjective or adverbial adjunct / substitution with gerund possible?
13.6.2	Exercise 2: Translation with a relative clause or with a gerundio?
13.6.3	Exercise 3: Substitution of subordinate clauses
13.6.4	Exercise 4: The construction stare + gerundio
13.6.5	Exercise 5: Conjugate the construction stare + gerundio
13.6.6	Exercise 6: Select in the following sentences the correct construction of stare + gerundio
13.6.7	Exercise 7: present participle / Italian gerundio
13.6.8	Exercise 8: anteriority and posteriority with the gerund
13.6.10	Exercise 10: gerundio in passive and active voice
13.6.11	Exercise 11: gerundio is never a noun
13.6.12	Exercise 12: If a concessive clause is substituted with a gerundio the conjunction pur must be used
13.6.13	Exercise 13: causal clause, modal clause, temporal clause, conditional clause
13.6.14	Exercise 14: Same subject / different subject
13.6.15	Exercise 15: Gerundio with own subject
13.6.16	Exercise 16: The infinitive
13.6.17	Exercise 17: infinitive in passive / active voice, anteriority and posteriority
13.6.18	Exercise 18: Participio passato

14.1	interrogative sentences - Introduction
14.2	Interrogative pronouns: Che and chi, che and quale part 1 \| part 2 \| part 3 \| part 4 \| part 5
14.3	interrogative adverbs part 1 \| part 2 \| part 3
14.4	Yes / No - questions
14.5	Exercises
14.5.1	Exercise 1: Che and chi
14.5.2	Exercise 2: declaration sentence and questions
14.5.3	Exercise 3: Che and quale used as nouns
14.5.4	Exercise 4: Che and quale used as nouns
14.5.5	Exercise 5: Che and quale used as adjectives
14.5.6	Exercise 6: quale / qual' / quali
14.5.7	Exercise 7: dove / di dove / da dove
14.5.8	Exercise 8: Asking for a noun and for an idea
14.5.9	Exercise 9: Quanto / quanta / quanti / quante
14.5.10	Exercise 10: interrogative adverbs

15.1	Prepositions - introductions
15.2	Combination of preposition and article
15.3.1	Italian prepositions (preposition a) part 1 \| part 2 \| part 3 \| part 4 \| part 5 \|
15.3.2	Preposition da - 1
15.3.2	Preposition da - 2
15.3.3	Preposition di - 1
15.3.3	Preposition di - 2
15.3.4	Preposition dopo -1
15.3.4	Preposition dopo - 2
15.3.5	Preposition durante
15.3.6	Preposition entre
15.3.7	Preposition con
15.3.8	Preposition contro
15.3.9	Preposition davanti a
15.3.10	Preposition in - 1
15.3.10	Preposition in - 2
15.3.11	Prepositions tranne, fuorche, eccetto
15.3.12	Prepositions malgrado / nonostante
15.3.13	Preposition oltre
15.3.14	Preposition per part 1 \| part 2
15.4.1	Exercise 1: Su / in / di / da / a + definite article. part 1 \| part 2
15.4.2	Exercise 2: Preposition a to denominate the residence
15.4.3	Exercise 3: Di / da
15.4.4	Exercise 4: Un poco di / qualcosa di
15.4.5	Exercise 5: Dopo as a preposition, conjunction or pronominal adverb
15.4.6	Exercise 6: Durante and mentre
15.4.7	Exercise 7: Entro / in / tra-fra
15.4.8	Exercise 8: Oltre as preposition, conjunction and adverb

16.1	Conjunctions - Introduction
16.2	Conjunctions, which which establish a causal relationship between one event and an other
16.2	examples: part 1 \| part 2
16.2.1	Consequence and cause
16.2.2	Conjunctions, which describe a consequence
16.2.3	Consequence and comparison
16.2.4	Ddal momento che
16.3	intention: part 1 \| part 2
16.3.1	So, therefore
16.4	Concessive conjunctions
16.5	temporal conjunctions : part 1 \| part 2
16.5.1	Quando = when: part 1 \| part 2
16.5.2	Appena = as soon as
16.5.3	Finché, fin quando = until, as long as: part 1 \| part 2
16.5.4	Prima que = before
16.5.4.1	Prima que - introductory verb is in a past tense
16.5.4.2	Prima che - if the main clause shares his subject with the subordinate clause
16.5.5	Ora que = now, it is time
16.6	Conditional conjunctions
16.6.1	Qualora = in the case, whenever
16.6.2	Laddove = in the case, whenever, wherever
16.6.3	Casomai = in the case, perhaps
16.6.4	Semmai = assumed, in case of
16.6.5	In caso que = supposed, under condition that
16.6.6	Purché = when, supposed
16.6.7	Tranne que = except
16.6.8	Senza que = without
16.7	Other conjunctions
16.7.1	Come = how
16.7.2	Altrimenti = otherwise
16.7.3	Addirittura = even if
16.7.4	Communque = wie auch immer, jedoch, jedenfalls
16.7.5	Dunque = therefore
16.7.6	Eppure = anyhow
16.7.7	Forse / maggari = perhaps
16.7.7.1	Forse / magari with indicativo
16.7.8	Oltre que = beside that
16.7.9	Altrimenti = otherwise
16.7.10	Oppure = or
16.7.11	Poi = then
16.7.12	Pure = actually
16.7.13	Durante, mentre = while
16.8	Exercise
16.8.1	Exercise 1: Concessive and causal conjunctions
16.8.2	Exercise 2: Consecutive and causal conjunctions
16.8.3	Exercise 3: Position of the causal conjunctions
16.8.4	Exercise 4: Consecutive conjunctions
16.8.5	Exercise 5: dal momento che = due to, because
16.8.6	Exercise 6: Conjunctions, which express an intention
16.8.7	Exercise 7: Concessive conjunctions
16.8.8	Exercise 8: Substitution with an infinitive construction with identical subject

17.1	What is an adverb?
17.2	Formation of an adverb on the basis of an adjective part 1 \| part 2 \| part 3
17.3	Adverbs based on nouns
17.4	Adverb und prepositions
17.5	Primary adverbs partl 1 \| part 2 \| part 3 \| part 4 \| part 5
17.5.1	giù = down
17.5.2	Su = on
17.5.3	Laggiù = there
17.5.4	Davanti = before
17.5.5	dietro = behind
17.5.6	Sopra = on
17.5.7	Sotto / giú = below
17.5.8	Dentro = inside
17.5.9	Fuori = outside
17.6	Exercise
17.6.1	Exercise 1: Choose the correct prepositions
17.6.2	Exercise 2: Choose the correct form
17.6.3	Exercise 3: Choose the correct form

18.1	Sequence of tenses - Introduction
18.2	The sequence of tenses with verbs which requires the indicativo
18.2.1	Sequence of tenses in Italian if the introductory verb is in a present tense
18.2.2	Sequence of tenses in Italian if the introductory verb is in a past tense part 1\| part 2\| part 3
18.2.2	Examples
18.2.2.1	The introductory verb is in pasato remoto
18.3	The sequence of tenses with verbs which requires the indicativo
18.4	Anteriority, simultanity, posteriority
18.4.1	Sequence of tenses in combination with temporal conjunctions
18.5.1	Exercise 1 and exercise 2: Sequence of tenses if the introductory verb is in a present tense
18.5.3	Exercise 3: Sequence of tenses with conjunctions and relative clauses
18.5.4	Exercise 4: Sequence of tenses in combination with prepositions
18.5.5	Exercise 5: Sequence of tenses with verbs, which requires the indicativo

19.1	numbers- Introduction
19.2	Cardinal numbers part 1 \| part 2
19.3	Ordinal numbers
19.3.1	Flexion of ordinal numbers
19.3.2	Adjective use and use as a noun
19.4	Fraction numbers
19.5	Exercise
19.5.1	Exercise 1: Translate these sentences (cardinal numbers)
19.5.2	Exercise 2: Ordinal numbers
19.5.3	Exercise 3: Fraction numbers

20.1	Time and date
20.1.1	Asking for the time
20.1.2	Giving the time in combination with prepositions
20.2	Giving the date
20.2.1	Giving the date with years
20.2.2	Giving the date with day of the week
20.2.3	Giving the date which referes to decades and centuries
20.2.4	Seasons
20.3	Exercises
20.3.1	Exercise 1: Asking for the time, giving the time
20.3.2	Exercise 2: Asking for time part 1 \| part 2

21.1	Introduction- stare / essere
21.2	Stare / essere - description of the problem
21.2.1	Comparison with spanish
21.3	Cases where no substitution is possible
21.3.1	... in passive voice: only essere
21.3.2	... formation of the continuous form: only stare
21.3.3	... stare per + infinitive
21.3.4	... only essere is a auxiliary verb
21.3.5	Special construction with essere
21.3.6	The "to be located "- rule together with things
21.3.7	The "to be located "- rule together with persons
21.3.8	Inherent characteristics / ephemere characteristics
21.3.9	Comparison of the definitions in the dictionnaries of De Mauro und Garzanti

22.1	Introduction - irregular verbs
22.2	Types of irregularities
22.2.1	Irregular in writing, regular in pronunciation
22.2.1.1	Gi becomes ghi
22.2.1.2	Ci becomes chi
22.2.1.3	Cii becomes ci
22.2.2	Real irregular verbs
22.2.2.1	E becomes ie
22.2.2.2	Rr becomes ss / c
22.2.2.3	N becomes ng, i becomes ie

23.1	Introduction - valence of the verbs
23.2.1	part 1: different cases with certain verbs
23.2.2	part 2: different cases with certain verbs
23.3	Verbs and their possible combinations

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